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Solar Cell
Convert light to electricity.
- Pickering Interfaces Inc.
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PXI Mixed Configuration Relay Module - 1 Cell Populated
40-138-AA-BB-CC-DD (1 CELL)
The 40-138 2A Relay Module with 1 cell populated is a cell-based mixed configuration switching module suitable for applications requiring medium power switching with high density. It provides a broad selection of mixed relay types for greater flexibility and features 2A current capacity and voltages to 300VDC/250VAC.
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Solar Simulator
It is an LED light source for evaluating the performance of organic solar cells in indoor light applications.A neutral white LED light source equivalent to a color temperature of 5000 K, achieving an effective irradiation area of 50 × 50 mm.The illuminance can be changed without changing the height of the light emitting surface with low illuminance (200 lx) and high illuminance (1000 lx).
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Solar Panel Chamber
Specifically designed for the solar industry, these climatic chambers feature specifically designed fixtures to properly measure almost any component related to solar panels including the actual panels, grid-tied photovoltaic inverters, or photovoltaic cells and modules.
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SR/QE Testing System
PVE300
Industrial Vision Technology Pte Ltd.
Solar Cell Multi-function SR/QE Testing System is specially designed for Photovoltaic Industry to characterize the Optical Performance of Raw material, process wafer, finished solar cell, as well as small Module.
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Standard & Custom Test Fixtures
Both standard and custom Test Fixtures from OAI enable the user to integrate the solar cell with the I -V tester. Fixture configurations range from from simple hold down devices to temperature-controlled fixtures with front and back side contact. We invite you to contact an OAI Application Engineer for help with your fixture design. With our expert guidance, you can expect maximum performance from your I -V Tester and Solar Simulator.
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Spectral Response SystemsQuantum Efficiency SystemsIPCE Measurement Systems
QE system provides electronics and software designed for fully automated measurement of external quantum efficiency of solar cells. All systems include probes and a fixed plate sample stage for samples up to 150 mm x 150 mm. The main system components include: custom designed software, measurement electronics, and computer system (Windows 8 operating system). The measurement involves focusing monochromatic light to a spot on the device under test, then accurately measuring the photon flux and current from the test cell. The system utilizes a dual beam configuration with lock-in detection, providing an absolute accuracy of ±3%. The QE system uses a grating monochrometer with silicon/InGaAs/Ge detectors. The system includes automatic order sorting filters and two light sources for monochromatic illumination (a Xenon- arc lamp and a halogen lamp). A single lock-in amplifier is used to measure both the reference detector and test device. The main system comes with all the hardware needed to measure quantum efficiency, a fixed plate sample stage and probes.
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Flash Solar Power Meter
OAI’s Flash Solar Power Meter is a versatile measurement tool used for measuring the irradiance (in Suns) from Flash Solar Simulators. Flash Solar Simulators are commonly used in the production of solar panels. Integrated into the solar cell production line, this meter calibrates the flash solar simulator allowing for constant and repeatable irradiance output. By sampling at speeds up to 4000 Hz, the flash pulse temporal profile can be recorded in the meter’s memory and downloaded to a USB 2.0 port on a PC for further analysis.
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Flashlight Solar Simulator
Flashlight Solar Simulators have the advantage of negligible temperature change to the solar cell. For this reason, they are primarily used in cell and module production environments. Also, they are a more budgetary alternative if large cell areas are to be illuminated, because it is easier to have excellent light uniformity on areas of 8 in x 8 in or larger. So, this type of solar simulator is also used for analysis of large area thin film solar cells. But care must be taken, as some materials (e.g. CIGS) have long inherent time constants, so that the pulse length (better: flash plateau) must be chosen accordingly.
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IV Curve Tracer
IVCT
In recent years, we have been developing a sophisticated IV curve tracer for PV modules including a maximum power point tracking (MPPT) function. The IV curve tracer is designed for operation with any market-available steady-state solar simulator. Through our web-based software design, the operator can supervise the test results from every computer in a company network. The software contains functions such as an irradiation sum counter that helps to check requirements stated in a stabilization test like they are defined in IEC 61215 (MQT 19). We have also included a correction function to correct the traced IV curves to standard test conditions (STC) when the user enters the required temperature coefficients. One of the most important features is the multi-IV curve tracing function, which enables the user to display more than 150 IV curves in one graph. This eases the analysis of the weakest cells in hot-spot tests, which are required in IEC 61730 (MST 22) and IEC 61215 (MQT 09).
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Reference Cells For PIV-IV Systems
NREL calibrated cell used for calibration transfer.The Abet Technologies solar reference cell is a precision instrument for the determination of solar simulator irradiance levels. The sensor is a mono-crystalline silicon solar cell having an area of2x2cm(4cm).The back of the solar cell is attached to the device in such a way that a good heat transfer to the device housing is guaranteed. Below the solar cell a Pt100 RTD temperature sensor is mounted to allow monitoring of device temperature. The device is not shunted allowing the whole IV-curve to be measured. The solar cell is protected by a high quality fused silica window, assuring spectral sensitivity over a 320 -1100 nm range.
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Fully Automatic Solar Cell
Module Laminator-H
1. Model: BSL2236OAC-H2. Effective lamination area: 2200mm × 3600mm3. Dimensions: length 17410mm × width 3665mm × height 2164mm4. Heating method: heat conduction oil heating5. Compressed air source pressure: 0.6～0.8MPa6. Working vacuum degree: 100～40Pa7. Evacuation rate: 70L/S8. Temperature control accuracy: ±1.5°C9. Temperature control range: room temperature - 180°C10. Temperature uniformity: effective lamination area≤±2℃11. Lamination chamber height: 30mm12. Evacuation time: depending on the process, it is recommended to take 5 to 8 minutes13. Upper cover stroke: 300mm
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MOCVD Systems
TurboDisk Family
A rapidly developing technology with multiple proof-of-concept scale installations (1 MW or less), with many more larger-scale projects gaining momentum worldwide within regions with high direct normal irradiance (DNI). As/P MOCVD is proving to be the technology of choice in building the critical compound semiconductor layers for CPV devices. Veeco, supplying best-in-class MOCVD equipment, provides the critical enabling As/P MOCVD technology to reduce the production costs of triple junction solar cells and provides manufacturers with the ability to easily ramp production in a modular system with unmatched reliability and throughput at the lowest cost.
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Lab Equipment
LABORATORY MEASUREMENT SYSTEMS FOR CHARACTERIZATION AND OPTIMIZATION IN THE PRODUCTION OF SOLAR WAFERS AND CELLS
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Solar Cell Characterisation
The PVE300 permits the determination of device spectral responsivity (from which may be determined EQE), and, having performed measurements of sample reflectance (and transmittance where required) the determination of IQE.
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Solar Reference Cell
The Solar Reference Cells consist of a 20 mm x 20 mm monocrystalline silicon Photovoltaic Cell encased in a 92 mm x 70 mm x 16 mm metal enclosure with a protective quartz window and a temperature sensor. Designed for calibrating the irradiance of solar simulators used for testing solar cells and modules.
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Power Meters and Calibration Cells
The Solar Reference Cell consist of a 20 x 20 mm monocrystalline silicon Photovoltaic Cell encased in a 92 x 70 x 16 mm metal enclosure with a protective quartz window and a temperature sensor. The temperature sensor is a 100 ohm platinum Resistance Temperature Detector (RTD).The Solar Reference Cells come with a Certificate of Calibration and compatible set of connecting cables. The following parameters of the reference cell are certified: Isc, Imax, Voc, Vmax, Pmax, Area, Fill Factor and Efficiency. The certification is accredited by NIST to the ISO-17025 standard and is traceable both to the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL), and to the International System of Units (SI). A compatible cable set is also supplied with each Solar Reference Cell.
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Non-Contact Mapping Life Time System
MWR-2S-3
The device is designed for express non-destructive contactless local measurement of non-equilibrium charge carrier effective lifetime in silicon substrates, epi-wafers and solar cells at different stages of manufacturing cycle. It can be used for incoming and outcoming inspection of silicon ingots and wafers, tuning and periodic inspection of semiconductor and solar cell technology quality. Lifetime determination is based on measuring photoconductivity decay after pulselight photo-exciting with usage of reflected microwave as a probe.
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Solar Cell Frontside Printing and Surface Defect Inspector
7212-HS
Chroma 7212-HS is a linescan AOI inspector used to provide superior PV cells defect inspection. As the fine grid printing process goes even faster than before, a reliable printing quality inspector is inevitable to reduce the cost during the PV cells metallization.
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Steady-state Solar Simulator For PV Modules
SORAS LS
In certification laboratories for photovoltaic modules, steady-state solar simulators are mostly used for stabilization / light soaking tests (MQT 19) and hot-spot endurance tests (MQT 09) according to IEC 61215 and IEC 61730. An initial stabilization is required for all PV modules that undergo a standard test procedure. For the hot-spot endurance test (MQT 09), it is important that the operator has easy access to the front and back site of the module. During the test, it is necessary to shade one cell after each other to take infrared pictures, which requires good visibility of the entire back side. Our swiveling module holding system enables easy access to the front and back side of the module.
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Wafer Defect observing instrument
HS-WDI
Application■Semiconductor wafer■Solar wafer■Solar Cell■Thin-film Cell
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Photovoltaic Array Simulator, 15 kW, 1500 VDC
N8900APV Series
The PV simulators are autoranging, programmable DC power sources that simulate the output characteristics of a photovoltaic array under different environmental conditions (temperature, irradiance, age, cell technology, etc.) enabling you to quickly and comprehensively test inverter MPPT algorithms and inverter efficiency. The DG8900 SAS control software creates and downloads solar I-V curves to a single output solution. For multiple outputs choose the DG9000 SAS control software which can be used with up to 12 N8900APV sources.
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Large-size Hybrid Reverberation / Anechoic Chamber
F-Series
The F large-size hybrid Reverberation/Anechoic Chamber represents the most versatile OTA test system in the market today. With the same unique test features of their E Series RC counterparts, the F-Series can also test large form-factor devices under test (DUTs) like laptops, large TV sets, solar and trash compactors, drones, fridges or washing and vending machines, among others. With up to 16x16, 8DLCC and DUTs up to 2m and 500 kg including full-body phantoms in a turntable, the F Series also expands the frequency range down to cover 200 MHz up to 40 GHz frequency ranges and the test modes to include EMC, BS, small cell, eNodeB and Virtual Drive Testing over the air (VDT-OTA). In an again unheard-of feature, the F-Series is also reverse-convertible into an Anechoic chamber, allowing Far Field (FF) and Spherical Near Field (SNF) radiation patterns, efficiency and gain measurements and pre-5G testing of antennas and devices. Conversion from RC to AC or vice versa can be performed within half a day.
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Regenerative AC Load
61800
Chroma Power Electronics Test Solutions not only apply in the industries of Information Technology, Communication, Aerospace and National Defense, but also in energy efficient products such as Hybrid Automobiles, LED luminance devices, solar and fuel cells that are developed aggressively under the pressure of natural resource constraints. Chroma has a wide variety of instrumentation including AC Power Sources, DC Power Supplies, DC Electronic Loads, AC Electronic Loads, Digital Power Meters, and Automatic Test Systems that are ideal for power input/output terminal tests and dynamic simulation.
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Software
Current-Voltage Measurement Option
Materials Development Corporation
CSM/Win Systems with an I-V option can measure both MOS and diode structures. For junctions, both forwardand reverse bias curves can be analyzed. Junction ideality factor, series resistance, and reverse saturation current are found. Solar cells can be checked for efficiency. Gate Oxide Integrity of MOS devices can be measured as well.
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Semi-auto 4 Point Probe System for Solar Cell Substrate
RG-100PV
*Measurement system for thin film on substrate samples for multi-points measurement*Even pitch and random pitch for Max.1,000 points*2-D/3-D square mapping software for even pitch
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Grid-Connection Testing System
This system is a power supply test system that performs grid-connection testing of distributed power sources (solar cells, fuel cells, gasoline engines, etc.)Enable inverter device testing that complies with the Agency for Natural Resources and Energy’s “Guidelines for System Interconnect Technical Requirements” and the Japan electrical Safety & Environment Technology Laboratories (JET) publication “Testing Methods for Small Solar Cell Power Generation System and System Interconnection Safety Devices”.
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Characterization of Solar Cells
Paios
Paios performs a large variety of experiments in no time with one click. Get consistent and precise measurement data, directly compare your results in the measurement software and speed up your research.Increase your research speedCompare your devices directly in the softwareGet highly consistent dataThink about physics - Let Paios handle the rest
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IV-curve Software
Tracer
In Tracer you will find your all-in-one solution for the measurement and elaboration of IV-curve measurements. Tracer is the core application developed by ReRa that will help you to characterize your solar cells and compare the results.Tracer natively supports the control of Keithley 24xx and 26xx sourcemeters.These instruments have proven their strength over time for the measurement of solar cells.
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Thin Film Metrology Systems
Gemini Series
The n&k Gemini-TF, Gemini-TF-M and Gemini-FPD are specifically designed for measurements of patterned and unpatterned films on transparent or opaque substrates. These tools are used extensively for solar cell, flat panel and photomask applications. The tools belonging to the Gemini-TF Series are based on unpolarized Reflectance (R) and unpolarized Transmittance (T) measurements, with a 50μm spot size for both R and T. R and T are simultaneously measured to determine film thickness and n and k spectra from 190nm – 1000nm
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Testing for Si Solar Cells Using High Performance CCD
EL Imaging Tester
EL Testing for Si Solar Cells using High Performance CCD. The determination of luminescence (photo emissions) in solar cells is an important characterization tool. Typical solar cells often have defects which limit the efficiency or lifetime of a cell. Many of these defects are visualized with Luminescence Imaging. By using this technique, the manufacturing process can be optimized to produce better cells. Luminescence Imaging takes advantage of the radiative inter-band recombination of excited charge carriers in solar cells. The emitted photons can be captured with a sensitive CCD camera to obtain an image of the distribution of the radiative recombination in the cell. This distribution is determined by the local excitation level, allowing the detection of electrical losses, thus mapping the diffusion length of minority carriers as the emitted light is low intensity and in the near infra-red range, the CCD camera has a high sensitivity wavelength from 900 to 1100 nm with little thermal noise. This CCD camera provides excellent resolution of 1024 x 1024 pixels with a large 1μm pixel size, multi-megahertz readout speed, and robust USB 2.0 connectivity. The EL CCD Camera is the ultimate high-performance CCD camera for electroluminescence and photoluminescence imaging for Photovoltaic (PV) Cells and Modules. This camera combines low noise electronics and optimal sensitivity in NIR.
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Saluki SEL8 Series Programmable DC Electronic Load (up to 200KW)
The new SEL8 series programmable DC electronic load is a new generation product designed by Saluki Technology. Incorporating high-performance chips, the SEL8 series delivers high speed and high accuracy with a resolution of 1mV and 1mA (basic accuracy is 0.03% and basic current rise speed is 2.5 A/μs).SEL8 series have wide application from production lines for cell phone chargers, cell phone batteries, electronic vehicle batteries, switching power supplies, linear power supplies, and LED drivers, to research institute, automotive electronic, aeronautic and astronautic, maritime, solar cell and fuel cell etc. test and measurement applications.* Customization available upon request
